37 Roman proconsul Lucius Vitellius (father of a later emperor) arranges a sacrifice to "the God of the Jews" at the Temple of Jerusalem.

311 Roman Emperor Galerius issues an edict of toleration for Christians

313 Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus II Daia, to become sole Roman Emperor in the East

462 Solar eclipse visible in Greece

1305 Massacre of Adrianople: Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos contrives the destruction of the Catalan Company

1349 Massacre of the Jews of Radolszell, Germany

1492 Ferdinand & Isabella agree to bankroll Columbus

1527 Treaty of Westminster: An Anglo-French alliance against Spain

1563 King Charles VI orders the Jews expelled from France1

592 Torquato Tasso is escorted by Marco Sciarra's brigands through bandit-infested mountains around Itri

1635 Treaty of Compiegne: Franco-Swedish alliance in the Thirty Years' War

1789 George Washington is inaugurated as the First President of the United States, at Federal Hall, NY

1794 Menin, Belgium: Austrians break out of a French siege

1838 Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation

1848 Battle of Pastrengo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians

1849 Battle of the Villa Pamfili: The Garibaldini defeat the French outside Rome, who fall back on Civitavecchia

1860 Battle of Fort Defiance: U.S. troops beat off a Navaho attack

1861 Lincoln orders Federal troops to evacuate the Indian Territory1862Skirmishing at Swift Run Gap, WV

1863 Battle of Camerone: Heroic French Foreign Legion defense against an overwhelming Mexican force

1864 Battle of Jenkins' Ferry: Inconclusive action bungled by both sides

1871 American & Mexican bandits murder 144 Apaches in Arizona

1900 USA annexes Hawaii

1904 Christian Hülsmeye patents the "telemobiloscope," an early radar, which is totally ignored.

1906 The Meiji Emperor reviews the Imperial Army on its return from victory over Russia, at the Yakusuni Shrine

1937 General Douglas MacArthur marries Jean Faircloth

1942 British troops evacuate Mandalay in Burma

1942 Luzon: Japanese bombardment of Corregidor and harbor forts continues.

1942 USS 'Peto' (SS-265) is launched, the first submarine built on the Great Lakes, at Manitowoc

1943 Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews established

1943 Chinese halt Japanese in Hupeh, ending threat to Chungking.

1943 Panay: USS 'Gudgeon' (SS-211) conducts supply mission to Filipino guerrillas

1944 U.S. carrier aircraft begin two-day raid on Truk

1945 American & Soviet forces link up at Torgau in Germany

1945 Okinawa: Kamikaze attacks continue on the U.S. fleet.

1945 Red Army liberates the Ravensbruck concentration camp

1945 The Red Banner is raised over the Reichstag Building in Berlin

1961 Fidel Castro receives the Lenin Peace Prize

1980 Abdication of Queen Juliana (1948-80) & Accession of Queen Beatrix of Netherlands (1980-2012), who also abdicates

1980 Terrorists seize the Iranian Embassy in London

2012 Abdicationof Queen Beatrice of the Netherlands (r. 1980-2012), third Dutch Queen Regnant in a row since 1880, and the third to abdicate, and the accession of her son as William IV, the first Dutch king since 1880

2019 Emperor Akihito of Japan since 1989 abdicates in favor of his son Naruhito