1000 Triumphal return home of the Venetian fleet from the First Crusade

1060 Coronation of King Béla I of Hungary (1060-1063)

1642 Battle of Tadcaster: Inconclusive clash between Lord Fairfax's Roundheads and the Earl of Newcastle's Cavaliers

1648 Pride's Purge: Military coup by Col. Pride of the New Model Army ousts moderates from Parliament, to ensure the execution of King Charles I of England

1704 Battle Of Chamkaur: Heavily outnumbered Sikhs are utterly defeated by a Mogul Army

1830 US Naval Observatory established under Lt Louis Malesherbes

1846 Battle of San Pascual: Near San Diego Brig. Gen. Andres Pico's Mexican lancers defeat Brig. Gen. Stephen Watts Kearny's US troops

1864 Battle of Deveaux's Neck, SC

1865 The XIII Amendment is declared ratified, abolishing slavery

1912 First underwater submarine torpedo attack: Greeksub 'Deflin' misses Turkish cruiser 'Medjidije' at 500m

1914 The Germans capture Lodz

1915 Dedication of the statue of Joan of Arc in Central Park

1917 Finland declares independence from Russia

1917 Ammunition ship 'Mont Blanc' explodes in Halifax harbor, at least 1,700 die

1941 FDR appeals to Emperor Hirohito to help preserve peace, as the US Navy orders outlying bases to destroy codes and secret documents

1941 Husband Kimmel says, "No young man, I don't think they'd be such damned fools," when a journalist asks if the Japanese might initiate war.

1941 The Japanese First Air Fleet arrives at 31 N, 158 W toward nightfall, c. 550 miles north of Pearl Harbor

1942 Munda: U.S. bombers hit Japanese airbase site

1942 Papua: U.S. artillery employs "time on target" for the first time, at Buna

1942 RAF bombs Philips factory in the Netherlands, 150 die

1943 Burma: Allies cancel the major amphibious operation

1992 Hindu radicals demolish the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, India (formerly a Hindu shrine), leading to riots that cause c. 1,500 deaths